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大学英语四级作文是衡量学生英语综合水平和应用能力的一个重要指标，也是大学四级考试的一个重要内容。
综合历年的大学英语四级考试写作部分的真题，常见题型包括论说文，应用文和图表作文，这一期专门介绍最常考的论说文。我们不难发现常考的写作类型主要有三种，即问题解决型，现象阐释型和观点对比型。接下来北京新东方四级专家赵子凌来给大家一一介绍这三种不同写作类型的解题过程。
一．问题解决型
特征：How , “如何”在中英文提示中出现
此类写作的特点是出题者抛出了一个有待解决的问题，需要考生把写作的重点放在如何解决问题之上。因此，考生在首段提出问题，扩展段分析问题之后，需要在末段把问题产生的原因和解决的策略结合起来，给出切实有效的解决方法；在列举解决措施的时候需要通过firstly, secondly和finally这样的逻辑连接词来确保文章的连贯性和条理性，从而使整个论证结构有理有据，紧凑有序。
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How should parents help children to be independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.
1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
2.为了让孩子独立，父母应该......（2010.12）
解析步骤：
审题：根据题目中的中英文提示，我们可以判断出此文为一篇典型的论说文，话题也是考生比较熟悉的日常生活中的热点话题。根据标题中的“HOW”，和中文提示中的“父母应该如何做？”可以判断出此文为问题解决型的文章。
提纲：
1. 提出问题：简要阐述孩子对父母的依赖性这一问题。
2. 分析问题：分析该问题带来的后果。
3. 解决问题：明确的给出解决该问题的策略。
范文：
How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?
It is reasonable that children are always considered as the apple of parents' eyes, which is particularly true in modern families with an only child. However, many parents go so far as to arrange everything for their children, including their daily life, their studies and even their future.
Parents' excessive intervention to the things that should be done by the children themselves may result in many negative effects. Firstly, the children become seriously dependent on their parents so that they cannot deal with matters by themselves. Secondly, they cannot understand the hardships of the life and endure the frustration that is inevitable in people's life. What's more, when they grow up, they cannot undertake their social responsibilities.
Thus, what should parents do? On the one hand, parents should change their thoughts. They should consciously cultivate their children, who are not always little kids, to be independent persons. On the other hand, parents should trust their children to be able to cope with the things they encounter and give necessary guide only at critical moments. Only through the two aspects can the children grow up in a free environment and become independent persons.
类似的关于问题解决型的真题还有
Due attention should be given to spelling
1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写
2.出现这种现象的原因是......
3.为了改变这种状况，我认为......
解题思路：
审题： 根据题目中的中英文提示，我们不难判断出这是一篇常见的问题解决型论说文。这种类型题目的一个基本解题思路即：提出并描述问题，分析问题的原因或后果，最后阐述解决问题的方案。
提纲：
1. 提出问题： 根据中文提纲，提出“不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写”的问题
2. 分析问题： 分析出现上述问题的原因
3. 解决问题： 承上启下，给出具体的解决方案
范文：
Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling
Nowadays, an increasing number of students seem to attach less importance to spelling in English learning. Thus, numerous misspellings appear in their papers, and what's more, a well-organized essay is cast into the shade.
These are various reasons responsible for this embarrassing situation. For one thing, more and more students give priorities to oral English at the cost of doing less spelling exercises, let alone reflect on what they learned the other day. For another, many teachers put emphasis on communication and grammar teaching so much that they seldom highlight spelling.
To solve the problem, I hold to the belief that students and teachers should work together. On the one hand, teachers should pay more attention to skill instruction in spelling, focusing on pronunciation and word formation for example. On the other hand, students should stop complaining about spellings, and realize that correct spelling should be a must in learning any language. Only via joint efforts can students gain solid ground in spelling.
二．现象阐释型
特征：社会现象，要求分析原因，并谈谈“我”的看法
顾名思义，此类写作类型是以当下比较流行的社会现象为话题展开的写作。一般题目即为现象，要求考生对现象进行较为详尽的阐释，包括分析该现象产生的原因或可能带来的后果，最后在谈谈自己对于该现象的看法或建议。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic What Electives to Choose. You should write at least 120words following the outline given below in Chinese.
1.各大学开设了多种多样的选修课
2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课
3.以你自己为例......（07.12）
真题解析：
审题：
根据题目中所给的中英文提示，我们可以知道此话题为关于大学生非常熟悉的“选修课的选择”。因此考生在写的时候可以结合自己的实际情况进行分析，这样易于下手。中文提纲中的三个句子分别对应文章的三个段落，可以作为各段落的主题句。
提纲：
1. 开门见山的指出“各大学开设了多种多样的选修课”这一现象。
2. 具体分析导致该现象的原因分别是什么（可结合自己的经历）
3. 谈谈自己对于选择选修课是所考虑的因素（即个人看法）
范文：
Nowadays, there exist a wide range of selective courses in college which are ready for the undergraduates to choose from. These courses make the students' college life more colorful. However, as for the purpose of choosing the selective courses, different students have different opinions.
Some students choose more selective courses just to get more knowledge, so that they could be well-prepared for the future job hunting, and find a satisfactory job; while other students just want to extend their interests, they believe that the knowledge in the text book is limited, thus they should choose more courses in order that they can enjoy a more colorful college life.
As far as I am concerned, I just want to learn more knowledge for my future life and job. I just want to be a man with sharp, vivid and imaginative mind with different knowledge which is not limited to my major. Therefore I believe more knowledge can make my future life easier and more interesting.
类似的真题有：
On students selecting lecturers
1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师
2.学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是……
3.学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题
As the proverb says, “Knowledge is power.” It is an undeniable fact that a large amount of students prefer to choose their own teachers for certain courses. In fact, some universities allow their students to do so.
When choosing a teacher, some factors should be taken into consideration. On the one hand, a learned teacher is preferred. After all, for a student, studying is given full priority. A teacher with plentiful knowledge can ease the burden of study for many students and provide them with many opportunities for enlarging their scope of knowledge, while at the same time realizing their potentials. On the other hand, a teacher with a clear and humorous teaching style is favorable. To a large extent, whether a lecture is welcomed by the students or not is depended on the way of delivering rather than its content. No one can deny that interesting interaction is far more enjoyable than monologue.
There is a good side and a bad side to everything, including choosing teachers by students. It goes without saying that it can arouse students' interest in study to the largest extent. Such phenomenon as being absent from classes or paying no attention to the classes may vanish. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that it can bring some side-effects. The management of classes may be in a disorder. Some teachers can be warmly welcomed so the number of the students may be too large while other courses may have few participants.
三．观点对比型
特征：争议性的话题，“对立”的两种观点
此类写作类型的前提是要有一个引起广泛争议的话题，能够引起广泛的争论，一般会形成两种对立的观点，需要考生用论据来论证这个有争议的话题，并作出自己的选择。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of On the Spring Festival Gala. You should write at least 120words following the outline given below in Chinese.
1） 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春晚
2）有些人提出取消春节晚会
3）我的看法
真题解析：
审题：
根据题目中的中英文提示，可以知道写作题目为一个有争议性的社会热点话题，而在中文提示中已经分别给出了两种不同的观点，因此这道题就是典型的观点对比型。
写作提纲：
1. 据中英文提示，先开门见山的把有争议的社会热点话题“春晚”提出
2. 分别阐释两种不同人对于这一社会热点话题的看法和理由
3. 我支持哪一方的观点，并说出自己支持的理由。
范文：
The approach of the Chinese Lunar New Year poses a national issue concerning the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Its established status is being challenged by a growing number of people, especially by younger generations. It is increasingly difficult to cater for all tastes.
Some individuals deem that it should be canceled or replaced by other programs. These young people focus their attention on other forms of celebration instead of immersing themselves in TV. Despite that, the majority of mid-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance of the traditional performance. The most striking feature of this gala is its traditionally close link with ordinary people's lives. Most of people view this gala as an annual staple on the traditional Chinese Spring Festival Eve. They all have a restless night and glue their eyes on the television.
I am not supportive of the view that the grand gala should be abandoned. Undoubtedly, it plays a vital role in the celebration of Chinese New Year. To increase its appeal and meet young adults' need, the upcoming performance should invite some big names including super stars from Hong Kong and Taiwan. We are all eagerly anticipating this unforgettable evening show.
观点论证型 （2011年6月四级写作真题）
此类型的写作题目的解题核心在于需要考生先提出某个受到普遍认同的观点，然后可能需要直接论证该观点的正确性或重要性， 也可能不会直接要求论证观点，而是要求指出坚持该观点的重要性或必要性。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题
3. 我的建议
真题解析：
此题为一道考生非常熟悉的日常生活类话题，非常贴近大学生的生活，因此写作时要结合自己的网上购物经验分析其优缺点。即通过具体的实例来论证观点。
范文：
With the development of the Internet and the popularization of computers, shopping on the Internet has become a commonplace in our life. Here consumers can buy almost everything they need.
Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages, of which the most important is perhaps its convenience. People don't have to waste a lot of their energy and precious time to go from one shop to another to choose the commodities they like. This is especially desirable to the old, the sick and the busy people who cannot go to the shops in person. The goods come in all shapes, sizes and colors on the Internet. All they need to do is to sit in front of their computers and click the mouse. The commodities they order will be delivered to them promptly.
However, shopping on the Internet also has its disadvantages. The first disadvantage is that the consumers can't see the goods or try them on personally. Sometimes, the real goods may not be the same as what they have seen on the computer. The second disadvantage is that some shops on the Internet are not registered. They will never deliver anything to you after they get the money from you. Once cheated, you will find that you have nowhere to go to complain.
十月四级写作征文话题：
（1）For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Choose an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一
2. 选择职业时要考虑很多因素
3. 你对选择职业的看法
（2）For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is Criticism a Bad Thing? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 有些人不喜欢受到批评，认为这是一件坏事
2. 另一些人则把批评看作是提醒和激励
3.”我”的看法
（3）For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Importance of Teamwork. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 每个人都要有团队合作精神
2. 团队合作的好处
3. 如何建立团队合作精神 |
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发表于 2012-4-6 12:16:11
